Evaluate the claim that, based on the data, the optimum H₂O₂ concentration for catalase is 70 mM.

In biotechnology, enzymes are used to transfer genes to bacteria. Outline how two specific enzymes are used for the transfer.

Describe the relationship between increasing H₂O₂ concentration and catalase activity.

Outline, using graphs, the effect of different factors that influence enzyme activity.

Explain the decrease in activity of the enzyme on either side of the optimum temperature.

Lactose intolerance occurs when the enzyme, lactase, that digests lactose is not produced after infancy in humans. The incidence of lactose intolerance varies in different racial groups. The graph shows the distribution of lactose intolerance in different human populations.

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]

What can be hypothesized from the graph?

A. Native American people produce most lactase after infancy.

B. Most Indian people do not produce lactase after infancy.

C. Lactase is not produced after infancy in most Caucasian people.

D. One quarter of Afro-Caribbean people will probably experience digestive problems when drinking milk.

Suggest one method that could have been used to keep the tubes at a constant temperature.

Which enzyme is matched to its function?

The graph of the effect of pH on immobilized lipase activity does not allow for the determination of optimum pH precisely. Explain how a more exact value for the optimum pH could be determined.

Explain what happens to an enzyme if there is a change of pH.

State a role of the active site of an enzyme.

Hydrogen bonds can exist both within and between molecules in living organisms and have an impact on their structure and function. Explain the importance of hydrogen bonding for living organisms.