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Date	May 2018	Marks available	1	Reference code	18M.2.HL.TZ2.2
Level	Higher level	Paper	Paper 2	Time zone	Time zone 2
Command term	State	Question number	2	Adapted from	N/A

Question

State one role of nucleosomes in eukaryotic cells.

[1]

b.i.

Outline how Hershey and Chase’s experiment provided evidence for DNA as the genetic material.

[3]

b.ii.

State one function for a region of DNA that does not code for proteins.

[1]

b.iii.

Outline the role of the A-site of ribosomes in translation.

[1]

c.i.

Outline the role of tRNA activating enzymes in translation.

[2]

c.ii.

Markscheme

a. help to supercoil/pack DNA in chromosomes

b. help to regulate transcription / gene expression

b.i.

a. experiment is meant to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material

b. viruses/bacteriophages grown in radioactive S/S³⁵ which enters the protein coat

c. viruses/bacteriophages grown in radioactive P/P³² which enters the DNA

d. «radioactive» viral DNA entered the bacterial cell during infection
OR
«radioactive» viral protein did not enter the bacterial cell during infection

b.ii.

regulator of gene expression/introns/telomeres/genes for tRNA / rRNA / promoter / enhancer / silencer / site for primer to bind / codes for mRNA primer

b.iii.

binding/entry of tRNA carrying amino acids/aminoacyl tRNA / charged tRNA / site of transfer of growing polypeptide chains/peptide bond formation

Marks can be awarded to an annotated diagram.

c.i.

a. ATP «hydrolysis» provides energy for amino acid attachment ✔

b. they attach a specific amino acid to the (3') end / free CCA of a tRNA ✔

c. they do this repeatedly / they attach amino acid to all of the tRNA molecules that have anticodon corresponding to that amino acid

c.ii.

Examiners report

[N/A]

b.i.

[N/A]

b.ii.

[N/A]

b.iii.

[N/A]

c.i.

[N/A]

c.ii.

Syllabus sections

Additional higher level » Topic 7: Nucleic acids » 7.1 DNA structure and replication

Show 32 related questions

22M.1.HL.TZ1.26: The image shows a replication fork. Which row identifies X, Y and Z in the diagram?
18M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.ii: Outline how Hershey and Chase’s experiment provided evidence for DNA as the genetic material.
22M.2.HL.TZ2.5a.i: Describe the structure of nucleosomes.
18N.1.HL.TZ0.26: Current understanding of DNA is an example of the accumulated discoveries of many scientists....
17N.1.HL.TZ0.27:
Which letter (A–D) indicates where a new nucleotide would attach?
17M.2.HL.TZ1.2a.i: Nucleosomes help to regulate transcription in eukaryotes. State the components of a nucleosome.
19M.1.HL.TZ2.13: A nucleotide containing dideoxyribose is shown. What is the reason for the use of...
19M.1.HL.TZ2.14: What applies to DNA base sequences? I. Some genes do not code for proteins. II. Promoters...
18M.1.HL.TZ1.27: What does eukaryotic DNA have that is missing from prokaryotic DNA? A. Uracil B. Promoter...
18N.2.HL.TZ0.3b: Outline the role of short tandem repeats in DNA profiling.
21N.1.HL.TZ1.27:
What is the difference between the DNA of adult identical (monozygotic) twins?

A. Order of genes

B. Sequence of nucleotides

C. Methylation pattern

D. Ratio of complementary base pairs
18N.2.HL.TZ0.3a: State one similarity and one difference between the structure of genes and short tandem...
18M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.iii: State one function for a region of DNA that does not code for proteins.
19M.1.HL.TZ1.26: What contribution did the X-ray diffraction conducted by Rosalind Franklin make to our...
19M.1.HL.TZ2.12: What are the functions of DNA primase and DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?
17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
17M.1.HL.TZ1.27: The diagram shows how pre-mRNA is processed into mature mRNA. Which structures are indicated...
21M.1.HL.TZ1.26: Which regions of DNA code for the production of specific proteins? A. Telomeres B. Genes...
19M.1.HL.TZ2.11:
Hershey and Chase used a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) to investigate the chemical nature of genes. The diagram shows a bacteriophage.

[Source: Graham Knott and Christel Genoud, ‘Commentary: is EM dead?’, Journal of Cell Science (2013),
126: 4545–4552, reproduced with permission. http://jcs.biologists.org/content/126/20/4545.figures-only
doi: 10.1242/jcs.124123 http://www.biologists.com/journal-of-cell-science]

The sulphur in the protein and the phosphorus in the DNA of the bacteriophage were radioactively labelled. The data obtained after bacterial infection and centrifugation are shown in the table.

What did Hershey and Chase conclude from their experiment?

A. DNA was mainly outside the bacterial cells.

B. Viruses infect bacterial cells with proteins.

C. Viral DNA was found within the bacterial cells.

D. Neither protein nor DNA were chemicals making up genes in viruses.
21M.1.HL.TZ1.27: Which statement applies to tRNA? A. There is at least one type of tRNA that combines with...
22M.1.HL.TZ2.26:
The diagram shows the structure of a nucleosome.

[Source: Zephyris. Nucleosome 1KX5 colour coded. Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome#/media/File:Nucleosome_1KX5_colour_coded.png
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en).]

What is the structure labelled T?

A. 5' end of RNA

B. 5' end of uncoiled DNA

C. N-terminal tail of one DNA strand

D. N-terminal tail of one histone
22M.2.HL.TZ2.5a.iii:
There are multiple tandem repeats of nucleotide segments of DNA found in the non-coding DNA between genes. Outline how tandem repeats are used for DNA profiling.
20N.1.HL.TZ0.27: Which are two proteins that assist in the unwinding and separation of DNA strands during...
16N.1.SL.TZ0.15: Which is a valid comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?
16N.2.HL.TZ0.7c:
Growth in living organisms includes replication of DNA. Explain DNA replication.
17N.3.HL.TZ0.03a:
The Hershey and Chase experiment supported DNA as the hereditary material. Describe the experiment.
21M.1.HL.TZ2.26:
The graph shows results of an experiment by Hershey and Chase in 1952 in which bacteria were infected with a mixture of virus particles labelled with either ³²P or ³⁵S. A suspension of the infected bacteria was agitated with a blender, and samples collected from the suspension were centrifuged to record the percentage of isotope remaining on the outside of the cells.

[Source: Republished with permission of ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY PRESS, from Independent functions of protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. Hershey, A.D. and Chase, M., 1952. (Journal of General Physiology, 36(1), p.47). Society of General Physiologists, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Rockefeller Institute; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.]

What do curves X and Y represent?
19M.1.HL.TZ1.27:
The diagram shows the arrangement of introns and exons in a segment of pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA is immature mRNA containing introns and exons.

Which is a mature mRNA molecule derived from the pre-mRNA by splicing?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
19M.2.HL.TZ1.7a: Outline the roles of helicase and ligase in DNA replication.
19N.1.HL.TZ0.26: What is a function of DNA polymerase I? A. Adds nucleotides in a 5’ to 3’ direction to...
19M.2.HL.TZ2.2a.iii:
DNA has regions that do not code for proteins. State two functions of these regions.

1.

2.
21N.1.HL.TZ1.26:
Rosalind Franklin produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA.

[Source: © King’s College, London. KCL Department of Biophysics KDBP/1/1.]

Which previously unknown aspect of DNA was deduced from these images?

A. Chromosomes are made of DNA.

B. Deoxyribose sugar is attached to a phosphate group.

C. The base A pairs with T and C with G.

D. The DNA molecule is a double helix.

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Additional higher level » Topic 7: Nucleic acids

Additional higher level