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Date May 2018 Marks available 3 Reference code 18M.3.SL.TZ2.16
Level Standard level Paper Paper 3 Time zone Time zone 2
Command term Explain Question number 16 Adapted from N/A

Question

Explain the relationship between infection by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and dehydration.

[3]
a.

Severe dehydration can lead to cardiac arrest. Outline the use of defibrillation to treat life-threatening cardiac conditions.

[3]
b.

Markscheme

a. V. cholerae releases toxin 

b. chloride channels activated 

c. chloride ions are pumped out of cells 

d. leading to fluid loss from intestine/diarrhea 

e. associated vomiting contributes to dehydration

a.

a. defibrillator is electrodes / a metal paddle or / a pad that is placed on the patient’s chest 

b. the device determines whether fibrillation is happening 

c. a series of electrical shocks are delivered «through the electrodes» 

d. electrical impulse is used to depolarize the heart muscle 

e. to re-establish the function of the SA node / natural pacemaker / natural rhythm «of the heart»

b.

Examiners report

 

a.

 

b.

Syllabus sections

Option D: Human physiology » Option D: Human physiology (Core topics) » D.2 Digestion
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Option D: Human physiology » Option D: Human physiology (Core topics)
Option D: Human physiology

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