| Date | November 2016 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 16N.1.HL.TZ0.15 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | TZ0 / no time zone |
| Command term | Identify | Question number | 15 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
How is peat formed?
A. From methanogenic archaeans under anaerobic and acidic conditions in deep sea vents
B. From partially decomposed organic matter under anaerobic and acidic conditions in waterlogged soils
C. From porous limestone under high pressure, aerobic and alkaline conditions in ocean beds
D. From bituminous coal under high pressure, anaerobic and acidic conditions below ground
Markscheme
B
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: Outline how acidified sea water could affect the shells of the oyster.
- 22M.1.SL.TZ1.19: The diagram shows a simplified carbon cycle. Which processes are taking place at X and Y?
- 18M.1.SL.TZ2.19: What describes a possible cause of a negative carbon flux in the atmosphere due to processes...
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21M.2.SL.TZ2.4b:
The crustacean and the jellyfish obtain carbon compounds by feeding. State one source of carbon for marine organisms, other than feeding.
- 19M.1.SL.TZ2.17: In an ecosystem, in the transfer of carbon from producers to consumers, what is carbon...
- 18M.1.SL.TZ1.18: Which conditions favour peat formation?
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.i: Deduce from the data in the bar charts which factors were and were not correlated...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4a.ii: Using the food web, identify a saprotroph.
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.23: What favours the production of peat? I. Presence of organic matter II. Anaerobic...
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.19:
In the diagram, which of the processes labelled A to D transfers the largest mass of carbon per year in a woodland ecosystem?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
- 20N.1.SL.TZ0.18: Under certain conditions, living organisms on Earth produce and release methane. What favours...
- 19M.1.SL.TZ1.19: Which organisms produce methane in anaerobic environments such as waterlogged soils? A....
- 18M.1.HL.TZ2.22: Which processes occur in an ecosystem? I. Biomass increases in each successive trophic...
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.3b:
Referring to the data, compare and contrast the changes in the use of the different fuels between 1950 and 1975.
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.1b:
Outline the trends shown in the data in the graph.
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18M.2.SL.TZ1.5c:
The structure of organisms is based on organic molecules containing carbon. Explain the cycling of carbon in an ecosystem.
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19M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.ii:
The table shows the global carbon budget over two decades; the years 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Using the table, explain causes of the changes in carbon flux over the two decades.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.1c: Predict the effects of global warming on aerobic respiration in fish.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.18: What favours the production of peat? I. Presence of organic matter II. Anaerobic...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive...
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.ii:
Suggest reasons for the differences in the numbers of oysters drilled, as shown in the bar charts.
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21N.1.HL.TZ1.16:
The diagram shows the carbon flux in gigatonnes per year between some of the Earth’s global reservoirs.
[Source: Figure 7.3 and Table 7.1 from Denman, K.L., G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, R.E. Dickinson, D.
Hauglustaine, C. Heinze, E. Holland, D. Jacob, U. Lohmann, S Ramachandran, P.L. da Silva Dias, S.C. Wofsy and
X. Zhang, 2007: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry. In: Climate Change
2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt,
M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.]What can be deduced from the information in the diagram?
A. Arrows S are mainly due to respiration of marine plants and animals.
B. Photosynthesis is a component of both arrows Q and S.
C. Every day, more carbon is removed from the ocean than is added.
D. Ocean carbon is stored as dissolved calcium carbonate.
- 19N.1.SL.TZ0.20: What material is formed when organic matter is not fully decomposed in acidic waterlogged...
- 20N.1.SL.TZ0.19: The oceans absorb much of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The combustion of fossil...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: Using all the data, evaluate how CO2 concentrations affect the development of oysters and...
- 17M.1.HL.TZ1.16: Methanogens produce methane gas. What is this gas converted to in the atmosphere? A. Carbon...
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.iii:
The radula in a gastropod is hard but not made of calcium carbonate. Outline how this statement is supported by the drilling success of the gastropods in seawater with normal or high CO2 concentrations.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.3a:
Calculate the percentage increase in the use of liquid fuels from 1950 to 1975.
%
- 19M.1.HL.TZ2.23: The global carbon cycle involves sinks where carbon is stored, and fluxes where carbon is...
- 22M.1.HL.TZ2.14: Which process contributes to the formation of limestone? A. Partial decomposition of biomass...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.18: The diagram shows a version of the carbon cycle. What is indicated by the numbers?
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20N.2.HL.TZ0.4b:
Outline the role of methanogenic archaeans in the movement of carbon in ecosystems.
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20N.2.HL.TZ0.4c:
Describe how autotrophs absorb light energy
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21M.2.SL.TZ2.4a:
State one process that results in the loss of carbon dioxide from a marine organism such as a crustacean or a jellyfish.
- 18M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: Outline the roles bacteria play in the carbon cycle.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.07c:
Describe the process of peat formation.
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20N.2.SL.TZ0.5c:
Explain the transformations of carbon compounds in the carbon cycle.
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17N.1.SL.TZ0.18:
The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2017]
Which two processes correspond to the labelled arrows?
A. K is combustion and L is catabolism.
B. J is anabolism and K is respiration.
C. J is combustion and K is respiration.
D. J is anabolism and L is catabolism.
