| Date | November 2021 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 21N.1.HL.TZ1.16 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | Time zone 1 |
| Command term | Question number | 16 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The diagram shows the carbon flux in gigatonnes per year between some of the Earth’s global reservoirs.
[Source: Figure 7.3 and Table 7.1 from Denman, K.L., G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, R.E. Dickinson, D.
Hauglustaine, C. Heinze, E. Holland, D. Jacob, U. Lohmann, S Ramachandran, P.L. da Silva Dias, S.C. Wofsy and
X. Zhang, 2007: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry. In: Climate Change
2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt,
M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.]
What can be deduced from the information in the diagram?
A. Arrows S are mainly due to respiration of marine plants and animals.
B. Photosynthesis is a component of both arrows Q and S.
C. Every day, more carbon is removed from the ocean than is added.
D. Ocean carbon is stored as dissolved calcium carbonate.
Markscheme
B
Examiners report
Syllabus sections
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1a: Outline how acidified sea water could affect the shells of the oyster.
- 22M.1.SL.TZ1.19: The diagram shows a simplified carbon cycle. Which processes are taking place at X and Y?
- 18M.1.SL.TZ2.19: What describes a possible cause of a negative carbon flux in the atmosphere due to processes...
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21M.2.SL.TZ2.4b:
The crustacean and the jellyfish obtain carbon compounds by feeding. State one source of carbon for marine organisms, other than feeding.
- 19M.1.SL.TZ2.17: In an ecosystem, in the transfer of carbon from producers to consumers, what is carbon...
- 18M.1.SL.TZ1.18: Which conditions favour peat formation?
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.i: Deduce from the data in the bar charts which factors were and were not correlated...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.4a.ii: Using the food web, identify a saprotroph.
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.23: What favours the production of peat? I. Presence of organic matter II. Anaerobic...
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.19:
In the diagram, which of the processes labelled A to D transfers the largest mass of carbon per year in a woodland ecosystem?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
- 20N.1.SL.TZ0.18: Under certain conditions, living organisms on Earth produce and release methane. What favours...
- 19M.1.SL.TZ1.19: Which organisms produce methane in anaerobic environments such as waterlogged soils? A....
- 18M.1.HL.TZ2.22: Which processes occur in an ecosystem? I. Biomass increases in each successive trophic...
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.3b:
Referring to the data, compare and contrast the changes in the use of the different fuels between 1950 and 1975.
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.1b:
Outline the trends shown in the data in the graph.
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18M.2.SL.TZ1.5c:
The structure of organisms is based on organic molecules containing carbon. Explain the cycling of carbon in an ecosystem.
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19M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.ii:
The table shows the global carbon budget over two decades; the years 1990 to 1999 and 2000 to 2009.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
Using the table, explain causes of the changes in carbon flux over the two decades.
- 17M.3.SL.TZ2.1c: Predict the effects of global warming on aerobic respiration in fish.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.18: What favours the production of peat? I. Presence of organic matter II. Anaerobic...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive...
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.ii:
Suggest reasons for the differences in the numbers of oysters drilled, as shown in the bar charts.
- 19N.1.SL.TZ0.20: What material is formed when organic matter is not fully decomposed in acidic waterlogged...
- 20N.1.SL.TZ0.19: The oceans absorb much of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The combustion of fossil...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1e: Using all the data, evaluate how CO2 concentrations affect the development of oysters and...
- 17M.1.HL.TZ1.16: Methanogens produce methane gas. What is this gas converted to in the atmosphere? A. Carbon...
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17M.2.SL.TZ1.1d.iii:
The radula in a gastropod is hard but not made of calcium carbonate. Outline how this statement is supported by the drilling success of the gastropods in seawater with normal or high CO2 concentrations.
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19M.3.HL.TZ2.3a:
Calculate the percentage increase in the use of liquid fuels from 1950 to 1975.
%
- 19M.1.HL.TZ2.23: The global carbon cycle involves sinks where carbon is stored, and fluxes where carbon is...
- 22M.1.HL.TZ2.14: Which process contributes to the formation of limestone? A. Partial decomposition of biomass...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.1f.ii: Suggest a reason for the greater expression of the gene for the urea transporter after an...
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.18: The diagram shows a version of the carbon cycle. What is indicated by the numbers?
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20N.2.HL.TZ0.4b:
Outline the role of methanogenic archaeans in the movement of carbon in ecosystems.
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20N.2.HL.TZ0.4c:
Describe how autotrophs absorb light energy
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21M.2.SL.TZ2.4a:
State one process that results in the loss of carbon dioxide from a marine organism such as a crustacean or a jellyfish.
- 18M.2.SL.TZ2.6a: Outline the roles bacteria play in the carbon cycle.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ1.1c: Estimate how much smaller drilled oysters raised in seawater at a high CO2 concentration were...
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.15: How is peat formed? A. From methanogenic archaeans under anaerobic and acidic conditions in...
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.07c:
Describe the process of peat formation.
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20N.2.SL.TZ0.5c:
Explain the transformations of carbon compounds in the carbon cycle.
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17N.1.SL.TZ0.18:
The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2017]
Which two processes correspond to the labelled arrows?
A. K is combustion and L is catabolism.
B. J is anabolism and K is respiration.
C. J is combustion and K is respiration.
D. J is anabolism and L is catabolism.
