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Date	May 2018	Marks available	2	Reference code	18M.2.SL.TZ2.3
Level	Standard level	Paper	Paper 2	Time zone	Time zone 2
Command term	Outline	Question number	3	Adapted from	N/A

Question

The electron micrograph shows a palisade mesophyll cell.

State the name of the structures labelled I and II.

[1]

a.i.

Outline the function of the structure labelled III.

[2]

a.ii.

The plant from which this cell was taken is in the group angiospermophyta. State one characteristic that is unique to this group of plants.

[1]

a.iii.

Distinguish between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.

[2]

b.

Explain how energy and nutrients are transferred in ecosystems.

[3]

c.

Markscheme

I. cell wall

II. nucleus/chromatin

Both needed.

a.i.

a. necessary for photosynthesis/converts light energy into chemical energy

b. contains chlorophyll to absorb light

c. (contains enzymes) for production of carbohydrate/glucose/starch

a.ii.

a. produce flowers

b. enclosed seeds/have fruit

a.iii.

Table format not required.
Must be paired statements.

b.

a. energy enters ecosystems from the Sun / continuous supply from the Sun

b. light energy is converted into chemical energy and lost with movement along food chains
OR
energy needs to be «constantly» added «to ecosystem» as lost with movement along food chains / energy lost as heat with movement along food chains

c. nutrients are recycled within ecosystems / nutrients in an ecosystem are finite and limited

d. nutrients not lost but transformed into different compounds

e. nutrients «carbon compounds»/energy flow through food chains by means of feeding

c.

Examiners report

[N/A]

a.i.

[N/A]

a.ii.

[N/A]

a.iii.

[N/A]

b.

[N/A]

c.

Syllabus sections

Core » Topic 1: Cell biology » 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells

Show 53 related questions

17N.1.SL.TZ0.01: Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
17M.1.SL.TZ2.2: The image shows an electron micrograph of mesophyll cells. What is the name of the...
17M.2.SL.TZ2.2b.ii: Using the table, identify the organelles labelled I and II on the electron micrograph with...
19M.1.SL.TZ2.2:
The magnification of the micrograph is 2000×.

[Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg
by TenOfAllTrades.]

What is the maximum diameter of the nucleus in the cell labelled X?

A. 10 μm

B. 10 nm

C. 20 μm

D. 20 nm
17N.1.SL.TZ0.02: What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a prokaryote or...
17N.2.SL.TZ0.02a: State a reason for using an electron microscope to view this virus rather than a light...
17M.1.HL.TZ2.3: The image shows an electron micrograph of pancreatic exocrine cells. What is the role of...
18N.1.HL.TZ0.1: The image shows an electron micrograph of a fungus, Candida albicans. Which terms identify...
18M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.i: State the name of the structures labelled I and II.
22M.1.SL.TZ2.2:
The images of the radiolarian, a single-celled marine organism, were produced using a light microscope (left) and a scanning electron microscope (right).

[Source: Munir,S.;Sun,J.;Morton, S.L. The First Record and Classification of Planktonic Radiolarian
(Phylum Retaria) and Phaeodarian (Phylum Cercozoa) in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Biology 2021, 10, 202.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030202 Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]

What is a reason for the difference in quality of these images?

A. Light cannot pass through the specimen.

B. Higher magnification can be achieved with the electron microscope.

C. The resolution of the electron microscope is higher.

D. Samples are stained with methylene blue when viewed with the light microscope.
22M.1.HL.TZ1.1: Two cells have the following characteristics. Which deduction is supported by this...
21M.1.SL.TZ1.1: In mammals, mature red blood cells are specialized in that they lack nuclei, mitochondria or...
17N.3.SL.TZ0.03a: Identify the vein by labelling it with the letter V.
21M.2.HL.TZ2.5c: Testis cells are eukaryotic cells. Identify the structures seen under the electron microscope...
18N.3.HL.TZ0.2a: Label tissues X and Y.
17M.1.SL.TZ1.4: Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane? A. Golgi...
17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
18M.2.SL.TZ2.3a.iii: The plant from which this cell was taken is in the group angiospermophyta. State one...
16N.2.SL.TZ0.2a: The image is an electron micrograph. Determine, with a reason, whether the image is of a...
17M.1.SL.TZ2.27: The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive...
16N.3.SL.TZ0.3b: Identify the layer of tissue found at X.
17N.1.HL.TZ0.01: Which function is accomplished by structures X and Y in the Paramecium?
19M.2.SL.TZ1.2a: Identify which electron micrograph shows a mitochondrion, providing one observation to...
18M.1.SL.TZ2.2:
The image shows an electron micrograph of a cell.

[Source: Junqueira’s Basic Histology, 15th edition, by Anthony L. Mescher, McGraw-Hill publisher.]

Which organelles correspond to the labels in the electron micrograph of this cell?
18N.1.SL.TZ0.2: The electron micrograph shows part of a cell. Which organelle is the site of aerobic...
16N.3.HL.TZ0.2d: One of the functions of this organ is absorption. On the micrograph, draw an arrow showing...
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17M.1.SL.TZ1.21: Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is...
21M.1.HL.TZ2.1:
The image shows an electron micrograph of virus particles known to infect the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which is associated with gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicemia in humans and animals.

[Source: Lin, Y. and Lin, C., 2012. Transmission electron micrograph of phage ϕpp2 particles with several structural proteins. [micrograph] (BMC Genomics, 13:224).]

What does a virus have in common with a living cell?

A. 70S ribosomes

B. Genetic material

C. Reproduction by binary fission

D. Anaerobic respiration
20N.2.HL.TZ0.3a:
Outline how the structures labelled X and Y are adapted to carry out the function of the mitochondrion.

X:

Y:
22M.1.SL.TZ2.6:
The micrograph of a section through a plant stem shows at least ten different types of cells.

[Source: Joan Carles Juarez / Shutterstock.com.]

What explains the differences between these cells?

A. Only one gene is expressed in each cell type.

B. Different genes are expressed in each cell type.

C. Only useful genes remain in the DNA of each cell type.

D. Changes in the DNA sequence take place when these cells develop.
22M.2.HL.TZ2.2b.i:
Distinguish between the structure of chromosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
18N.1.SL.TZ0.3: The images are microscopic views of two similar cells. What is a reason for the...
20N.1.SL.TZ0.1: What is the name of the cell component labelled Y? A. Golgi apparatus B. Nucleus C....
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19M.1.HL.TZ1.2:
The image shows a phagocytic white blood cell as seen with a transmission electron microscope.

[Source: http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/File:Monocyte_TEM_0002.jpg, by Cafer Zorkun is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License]

Which features can be found both within this cell and in a photosynthetic bacterium?

A. Chloroplasts

B. Multiple nuclei

C. 70S ribosomes

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16N.3.SL.TZ0.3a: State from which organ the section was taken.
18N.3.HL.TZ0.2b:
Calculate the actual width along line A-B of the parenchyma cell shown.
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21M.2.HL.TZ1.2a:
State two structural similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts.

1.

2.
18N.2.SL.TZ0.5a:
The structure of prokaryotic cells has been investigated using electron microscopy. Draw a labelled diagram to show prokaryotic cell structure.
21M.2.SL.TZ2.6a:
Outline the structures in M. tuberculosis that are not present in a human cell.
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19M.2.HL.TZ1.3a: Compare and contrast the structure of a typical prokaryotic cell with that of a mitochondrion.
19M.1.SL.TZ1.2:
The image shows an electron micrograph of part of a cell.

[Source: Dr. Eldon Newcomb – Emeritis Professor at The University of Wisconsin – Madison.]

Which features do the two structures labelled X and Y have in common?

A. They are surrounded by a double membrane.

B. They contain 70S ribosomes.

C. They contain naked DNA.

D. They are only found in leaf cells.
20N.2.SL.TZ0.6a:
Draw the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell based on electron micrographs.
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Core » Topic 1: Cell biology