| Date | May 2019 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 19M.1.HL.TZ2.35 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | Time zone 2 |
| Command term | Compare | Question number | 35 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
What are features of both endoskeletons of mammals and exoskeletons of insects?
A. They are both made of bone.
B. They both have cartilage.
C. They are both moved by antagonistic sets of muscles.
D. Both consist of dead tissue.
Markscheme
C
Examiners report
This was an easy question. One comment mentions that not all bones or parts of the insect exoskeleton are moved. The question focuses on common features; the fact that they are moved by muscles does not imply that they are all moved.
Syllabus sections
- 22M.1.HL.TZ1.38: The diagram shows the side view of the human elbow. Which structure is the radius?
- 19N.1.HL.TZ0.38: What is a similarity between human and insect muscles? A. They are attached to an...
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.37: What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction? A. To release tropomyosin from myosin B....
- 19M.1.HL.TZ1.38: What is the role of the joint capsule in an elbow joint? A. It seals the joint to retain the...
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: The life expectancy of a human at the time of the study was 80 years. Estimate the porosity...
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22M.2.HL.TZ1.5c:
Outline how the muscle attachment of insects differs from humans.
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.5d: Explain the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.
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21N.1.HL.TZ1.38:
The image shows part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fibre.
[Source: Sarcomere. Sameerb. Available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarcomere.gif
[Accessed 30 November 2021].]What occurs during muscle contraction?
A. Myosin binding sites are blocked.
B. The bands labelled Y get shorter.
C. The bands labelled X get shorter.
D. Calcium ions bind to myosin.
- 18M.1.HL.TZ1.38: What movement occurs at the elbow and what is the state of the triceps when lifting an apple...
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5a.iii: Identify the structure indicated by III.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
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22M.1.HL.TZ2.38:
The electron micrograph shows sarcomeres in myofibrils of striated muscle during muscle contraction. The lines P–Q and R–S show two regions of one sarcomere.
[Source: Republished with permission of Elsevier - Health Sciences Division from Cell by Don W. Fawcett 1981 ; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.]
How would regions P–Q and R–S change when the muscle relaxes?
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: The researchers assessed age as a proportion of normal life span, rather than in years....
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5a.ii: Identify the protein producing the thick filament in the dark band indicated by II.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Explain how calcium is involved in muscle contraction.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5a.i: Identify the dark structure indicated by I.
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.1d: Distinguish between the changes in porosity of the bones in humans and bears as age increases.
- 17N.1.HL.TZ0.38: Which processes require calcium? I. Muscle contractionII. Movement of an action potential...
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.5b: Describe the role of muscle Y.
-
22M.2.HL.TZ1.1h:
Suggest how the graph would differ for a human during a long period of inactivity.
- 20N.1.HL.TZ0.38: What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction? A. To enable actin to expose binding...
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.5a: Outline a reason for the muscles being described as antagonistic.
-
21M.1.HL.TZ2.38:
The diagram shows structures involved in contraction of a sarcomere.
[Source: Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), except where otherwise noted.]
What is X?
A. Myosin filament
B. Sarcomere
C. Actin filament
D. Myofibril
- 19M.1.HL.TZ2.37: What is the order of increasing size of muscle structures? A. muscle, muscle fibre,...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: Coughing to clear the airways is accomplished by muscle contractions. Explain muscle...
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21M.1.HL.TZ1.37:
The diagram represents a sarcomere. Which structure is myosin?
[Source: MPI of Molecular Plant Physiology. [Sarcomere]. [diagram online] Available at: http://www.macroevolution.net/sarcomere.html [accessed 4 April 2019]. Source adapted.]
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18M.2.HL.TZ1.8c:
Explain the process of muscle contraction.
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17N.1.HL.TZ0.39:
What structure is indicated by the arrows?
[Source: Courtesy Roger Craig, University of Massachusetts]
A. One muscle fibre
B. One sarcomere
C. One myofibril
D. One Z line
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18M.1.HL.TZ2.38:
The diagram shows two states of skeletal muscle, relaxed and contracted.
[Source: Provophys/Wikipedia. File licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)]
Which process is part of muscle contraction?
A. Myosin filaments cause the actin filaments to shorten.
B. Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to the myosin heads.
C. ATP provides energy for the movement of the myosin heads.
D. Ca2+ binds to tropomyosin and uncovers troponin.
