| Date | May 2022 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 22M.1.HL.TZ2.38 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | Time zone 2 |
| Command term | Question number | 38 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The electron micrograph shows sarcomeres in myofibrils of striated muscle during muscle contraction. The lines P–Q and R–S show two regions of one sarcomere.
[Source: Republished with permission of Elsevier - Health Sciences Division from Cell by Don W. Fawcett 1981 ; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.]
How would regions P–Q and R–S change when the muscle relaxes?
Markscheme
D
Examiners report
This question was answered correctly by only 33 % of the candidates. Incorrect responses were distributed fairly evenly among the options. The question discriminated well showing the better candidates were answering correctly.
Syllabus sections
- 22M.1.HL.TZ1.38: The diagram shows the side view of the human elbow. Which structure is the radius?
- 19N.1.HL.TZ0.38: What is a similarity between human and insect muscles? A. They are attached to an...
- 17M.1.HL.TZ2.37: What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction? A. To release tropomyosin from myosin B....
- 19M.1.HL.TZ1.38: What is the role of the joint capsule in an elbow joint? A. It seals the joint to retain the...
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.1e: The life expectancy of a human at the time of the study was 80 years. Estimate the porosity...
-
22M.2.HL.TZ1.5c:
Outline how the muscle attachment of insects differs from humans.
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.5d: Explain the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction.
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21N.1.HL.TZ1.38:
The image shows part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fibre.
[Source: Sarcomere. Sameerb. Available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarcomere.gif
[Accessed 30 November 2021].]What occurs during muscle contraction?
A. Myosin binding sites are blocked.
B. The bands labelled Y get shorter.
C. The bands labelled X get shorter.
D. Calcium ions bind to myosin.
- 18M.1.HL.TZ1.38: What movement occurs at the elbow and what is the state of the triceps when lifting an apple...
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5a.iii: Identify the structure indicated by III.
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: The researchers assessed age as a proportion of normal life span, rather than in years....
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5a.ii: Identify the protein producing the thick filament in the dark band indicated by II.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5c: Explain how calcium is involved in muscle contraction.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.5a.i: Identify the dark structure indicated by I.
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.1d: Distinguish between the changes in porosity of the bones in humans and bears as age increases.
- 17N.1.HL.TZ0.38: Which processes require calcium? I. Muscle contractionII. Movement of an action potential...
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.5b: Describe the role of muscle Y.
-
22M.2.HL.TZ1.1h:
Suggest how the graph would differ for a human during a long period of inactivity.
- 20N.1.HL.TZ0.38: What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction? A. To enable actin to expose binding...
- 22M.2.HL.TZ1.5a: Outline a reason for the muscles being described as antagonistic.
-
21M.1.HL.TZ2.38:
The diagram shows structures involved in contraction of a sarcomere.
[Source: Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/), except where otherwise noted.]
What is X?
A. Myosin filament
B. Sarcomere
C. Actin filament
D. Myofibril
- 19M.1.HL.TZ2.37: What is the order of increasing size of muscle structures? A. muscle, muscle fibre,...
- 17M.2.HL.TZ1.6c: Coughing to clear the airways is accomplished by muscle contractions. Explain muscle...
-
21M.1.HL.TZ1.37:
The diagram represents a sarcomere. Which structure is myosin?
[Source: MPI of Molecular Plant Physiology. [Sarcomere]. [diagram online] Available at: http://www.macroevolution.net/sarcomere.html [accessed 4 April 2019]. Source adapted.]
- 19M.1.HL.TZ2.35: What are features of both endoskeletons of mammals and exoskeletons of insects? A. They are...
-
18M.2.HL.TZ1.8c:
Explain the process of muscle contraction.
-
17N.1.HL.TZ0.39:
What structure is indicated by the arrows?
[Source: Courtesy Roger Craig, University of Massachusetts]
A. One muscle fibre
B. One sarcomere
C. One myofibril
D. One Z line
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18M.1.HL.TZ2.38:
The diagram shows two states of skeletal muscle, relaxed and contracted.
[Source: Provophys/Wikipedia. File licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)]
Which process is part of muscle contraction?
A. Myosin filaments cause the actin filaments to shorten.
B. Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to the myosin heads.
C. ATP provides energy for the movement of the myosin heads.
D. Ca2+ binds to tropomyosin and uncovers troponin.
