| Date | May 2021 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 21M.1.HL.TZ2.37 |
| Level | Higher level | Paper | Paper 1 | Time zone | Time zone 2 |
| Command term | Question number | 37 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The graph shows changes in the concentration of an antibody in the blood of an individual subjected to two separate infections at time X and time Y.
[Source: Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013 OpenStax College © 1999-2021, Rice University. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]
What distinguishes the events occurring at Y from those occurring at X?
A. The individual was infected with different pathogens at X and Y.
B. Memory B cells are involved in antibody production at Y but not at X.
C. There is no clonal selection involved.
D. There are no T lymphocytes involved.
Markscheme
B
Examiners report
This question was the easiest on the paper for the candidates with 89 % selecting the correct response.
Syllabus sections
-
18M.1.HL.TZ1.22:
Mucus traps pathogenic bacteria. Mucus also attracts viruses that attack pathogenic bacteria.
[Source: EYE OF SCIENCE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY]
What part of the immune system do these viruses resemble in their function?
A. Antigens
B. Antibodies
C. Memory cells
D. Antibiotics
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.37: What is directly responsible for allergic symptoms, including a runny nose or itchy eyes? A....
-
21N.1.HL.TZ1.37:
The diagram shows a method for the production of monoclonal antibodies.
[Source: Adenosine, March 5, 2010. A general representation of the method used to produce monoclonal antibodies. [online]
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-sa/3.0/deed.en [Accessed 27 March 2020]. Adapted.]What are cells P and Q?
- 16N.1.HL.TZ0.38: What is required for a skeletal muscle to exert force? A. Extensor and flexor musclesB....
- 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1: Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C....
- 22M.1.HL.TZ2.37: Cetuximab is a type of monoclonal antibody used to treat cancers of the large intestine. How...
- 17M.1.HL.TZ1.37: A secondary immune response occurs when an antigen is encountered on a second occasion, due...
- 17N.1.HL.TZ0.37: What forms the basis of immunity after vaccination?
- 18M.1.HL.TZ2.37: How are monoclonal antibodies produced? A. Fusion of plasma cells with tumor cells B....
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1f.i: State the reason for performing the experiment in the months of May to August.
- 19N.1.HL.TZ0.37: What is a role of activated B cells? A. Secrete antibiotics in response to specific...
- 18N.1.HL.TZ0.37: When activated B cells multiply, what do they produce? A. Plasma cells B. Antigens C. ...
-
21M.2.HL.TZ1.4b:
A hybridoma is a cell produced by the fusion of a plasma cell with a tumour cell. Explain the advantages of using hybridoma cells in the production of monoclonal antibodies.
-
22M.2.HL.TZ1.7b:
Describe how monoclonal antibodies are produced.
- 20N.1.HL.TZ0.37: Hybridoma cells are produced in laboratories for medical diagnostics and treatments. Which...
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1a: Identify the week and year in which the first cases were recorded in the suburbs. Week: Year:
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1f.ii: Suggest possible reasons for the observed pattern of presence of antibodies in vaccinated mice.
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1b: Based on the graph, compare and contrast the progress of the epidemic in the suburbs and...
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1c: Suggest two reasons for the overall decline in the epidemic after week 51.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ1.4a:
Plasma cells secrete antibodies against specific antigens. Outline how plasma cells become activated.
-
21M.2.HL.TZ1.4c:
State one use of monoclonal antibodies.
- 17M.2.HL.TZ2.6c: Explain the production of antibodies.
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1f: Based on these data, outline the evidence that T-705 has potential to be used as a treatment...
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1d: Compare and contrast the data for Conakry with the data for the three suburbs.
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1g: Explain how vaccination can lead to the production of B cells specific to the Ebola virus.
-
19M.2.HL.TZ1.1e:
Suggest reasons for the high percentage of fatal cases at Ebola treatment centres.
- 19M.2.HL.TZ1.1h: Suggest possible reasons for the difficulty of preventing or controlling a viral epidemic...
-
19M.1.HL.TZ1.37:
The table shows the results of blood type tests on samples from four individuals. Which row represents an individual who can accept transfusions from people with blood type AB?
[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2019]
-
18M.2.HL.TZ2.7a:
Explain the production and role of antibodies in defense against bacterial pathogens in humans.
- 19N.2.HL.TZ0.1g: Analyse the data on the state of infection of tick nymphs with B. burgdorferi in control and...
-
21N.2.HL.TZ0.8b:
Explain the production of antibodies in humans.
