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Date May 2018 Marks available 3 Reference code 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12
Level Standard level Paper Paper 3 Time zone Time zone 2
Command term Outline Question number 12 Adapted from N/A

Question

One challenge associated with establishing nature reserves is concerns about edge effects. The graph shows that some edge effects in the Amazon rainforest are detected quite far in from the edge.

Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.

[1]
a.

With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator species.

[2]
b.

Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.

[3]
c.

Markscheme

200 m / 0 to 200 m

Units required. 

a.

a. species whose numbers/abundance are affected by a particular environmental condition
OR
species used to assess a specific environmental condition 

b. «the presence of disturbance adapted beetles» indicates that the environment has been disturbed 
c. «the presence of disturbance adapted beetles» indicates that there is an edge «within 200 m»

b.

a. small reserve has greater edge «relative to area therefore more edge effects» 

b. changing shape can change edge length/perimeter for a given area «changing edge effects» 

c.«at the edge there is» interaction of two communities
OR 
different species may be better at invading into neighbouring community
OR 
edge favors disturbance-adapted species

OWTTE.

c.

Examiners report

 

a.

 

b.

 

c.

Syllabus sections

Option C: Ecology and conservation » Option C: Ecology and conservation (Core topics) » C.4 Conservation of biodiversity
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Option C: Ecology and conservation » Option C: Ecology and conservation (Core topics)
Option C: Ecology and conservation

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