DP Biology Questionbank

Description

Nature of science:
Scientists collaborate with other agencies—the preservation of species involves international cooperation through intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. (4.3)Understandings:

• An indicator species is an organism used to assess a specific environmental condition.
• Relative numbers of indicator species can be used to calculate the value of a biotic index.
• In situ conservation may require active management of nature reserves or national parks.
• Ex situ conservation is the preservation of species outside their natural habitats.
• Biogeographic factors affect species diversity.
• Richness and evenness are components of biodiversity.

Applications and skills:

• Application: Case study of the captive breeding and reintroduction of an endangered animal species.
• Application: Analysis of the impact of biogeographic factors on diversity limited to island size and edge effects.
• Skill: Analysis of the biodiversity of two local communities using Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity.

Guidance:

• The formula for Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity is:
  
  D = diversity index, N = total number of organisms of all species found and n = number of individuals of a particular species.

Aims:

• Aim 8: Scientists supported by governments are devoting relatively large amounts of effort to save particular animal species. Can criteria be established to justify a hierarchy of value of one species over another?

Directly related questions

• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.13b:

  A calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal index was undertaken on each field with the following results.

  

  Evaluate these results.

• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Outline the trend in the number of people with malaria during the period when the use of...
• 16N.3.SL.TZ0.13a: Compare and contrast the richness and the evenness of the two fields.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.16b: Outline how the edge effect can affect diversity in forests.
• 16N.3.HL.TZ0.16c: The number of plants in two fields of approximately the same size was counted. Compare and...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.16c: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of in situ conservation methods.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.16b: Site A has a higher Simpson’s reciprocal index than Site B showing that its diversity is...
• 17M.3.SL.TZ2.18: Explain the use of indicator species to assess the condition of the environment.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.14b: Define indicator species.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.15c: State the two components needed to calculate the biodiversity of an area.
• 17M.3.SL.TZ1.16a: Calculate the diversity of site C. Working should be shown.
• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.14c:

  Indicator species may be affected by biomagnification. Discuss biomagnification using a named example of a pollutant.

• 17M.3.HL.TZ1.15b: Discuss two advantages of ex situ conservation measures. 
• 17M.3.HL.TZ2.15c: When coral is bleached, certain organisms become more common in the ecosystem such as the...
• 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.ii: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
• 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14a.i: Two components of biodiversity are richness and evenness. Deduce which of the two pools was...
• 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: Calculation of Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index for both rockpools gives the following...
• 20N.3.SL.TZ0.14c:

  The graph shows how the number of ant species found on isolated islands near New Guinea depends on the size of the island.

  

  [Source: University of Windsor, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Available at:
  http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/macisaac/55-437/lecture9.htm.]

   

  Explain the relationship between island size and number of ant species.

• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14c: Outline how deforestation can affect the richness of biodiversity in an ecosystem.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14b: State one reason mammals can continue to survive even if they are extinct in the wild.
• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14d:

  Explain the impact of plastic waste on Laysan albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis).

• 17N.3.SL.TZ0.14a: Calculate how many species are classified as endangered due to hunting and trapping.
• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.i:

  State the role of an indicator species.

• 17N.3.HL.TZ0.14b.ii:

  Identify possible approaches to maintain the population of P. sandwichensis.

• 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Outline how organisms in Group V could be used to measure pollution in an environment.
• 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13c: Distinguish between richness and evenness as components of biodiversity.
• 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15a: Identify the group that is most intolerant to pollution.
• 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.i: Deduce the meaning of ni in this formula.
• 18N.3.HL.TZ0.15b.ii: Deduce the meaning of ai in this formula.
• 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13a:

  State which species could be found in mildly polluted water.

• 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13b: State the name given to organisms whose presence or absence reflects an environmental condition.
• 18N.3.SL.TZ0.13d: Explain how edge effects can influence biodiversity in a region.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12a: Determine how far from the forest edge an increase in disturbance-adapted beetles would be detected.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.12a:

  Outline what is meant by the edge effect.

• 18M.3.SL.TZ1.12b: Analyse the differences in biodiversity seen in the three sites.
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12b: With respect to the example of disturbance-adapted beetles, explain what is meant by an indicator...
• 18M.3.SL.TZ2.12c: Outline how reserve size and shape can impact edge effects.
• 18M.3.HL.TZ1.17b:

  Explain biogeographic factors that increase the effectiveness of nature reserves.

• 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11a: From the data, identify the depth along the transect where the greatest species richness is...
• 19M.3.SL.TZ1.12: Outline one example of an active management strategy employed in the context of in situ...
• 19M.3.SL.TZ1.11b: Outline the relationship between Zooxanthellae and reef-building coral reef species.
• 19M.3.HL.TZ1.16b: Distinguish between ex situ and in situ conservation of endangered species.
• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12e:

  Barnacles are sensitive to pollution. Outline how it might be possible to use these organisms as indicator species.

• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12b:

  Describe the distribution of C. montagui and S. balanoides barnacles in Butter Lump Bay.

• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14b: Explain the likely effects on biodiversity if a forest becomes fragmented.  
• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12d: State one abiotic factor that could have determined the distribution of barnacles.
• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12c:

  E. modestus is an invasive barnacle while the others are native species. Analyse the data to show how it supports this statement.

• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.14a: State two abiotic factors that are increased in the fragmented forest with respect to the centre...
• 19M.3.SL.TZ2.12a:

  Outline how the data could have been obtained.

• 19M.3.HL.TZ2.17:

  Outline a named example of the captive breeding and reintroduction of an endangered animal species. 

   

• 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16a: State one advantage of this in situ conservation method.
• 19N.3.HL.TZ0.16c: State what a high value of Simpson’s reciprocal index of diversity suggests about an ecosystem.
• 19N.3.SL.TZ0.15a: State the impact of environmental disturbance on biodiversity.
• 19N.3.HL.TZ0.15c: Describe the use of indicator species in monitoring environmental change.